The Origins and Purpose of the Goblin Queen in George MacDonald´s the P

The Origins and office of the Goblin Queen in George MacDonalds the Princess and the GoblinWhatever the purpose of a story may be, whether the tale is a philosophical, moralizing or however entertaining nonpareil, an assortment of characters with sufficient depth, notability and believability is vital to shoulder the burden of the authors intent. George MacDonald, in one of his most famous novels, The Princess and the Goblin, displays an abrupt awareness of this fact, presenting us with around of the most colorful and unforgettable characters seen in childrens literature. When considering the exceptional imagination MacDonald infused into his story and characters, it is unforesightful wonder that The Princess and the Goblin is considered to be one of the pioneering novels that gave birth to the immense genre of modern fantasy.Of the two worlds introduced to us by MacDonald in his novel, that of the surface world, a cut of sunlight, castles upon rolling hills, and princesses, and that of the underworld, a country of darkness, stone, and, of course, goblins, it is definitely the latter that is more bereft of significant characters. On the surface, Lootie, Curdie, Princess Irene and her mysterious, powerful grandmother are all key characters with a prominent role in advancing the plot, yet in the dark goblin world, we are given an impression of a teeming, faceless mass of off-the-wall creatures, with no real experience of individualism. Of the few underworld characters we do meet, the goblin sprite is the most prominent, and indeed, she is one of the memorable and distinctive characters in the entire novel. Her stir on the reader is greater reinforced by her embodiment of many elements of folklore and fairytale on top of the already ancient t... ...ons that MacDonald collected, converged, and ultimately made his own. Or perhaps she represented for MacDonald some female presence in his own life, an overaggressive figure deserving of the authors f earsome representation in his novel. This cadaver unknown, but the goblin queen nevertheless represents one of the few truly menacing figures in the story despite many goblins, also presumably the top executive and his son, we do not tactual sensation that the goblin threat has been truly removed until we see her lifeless form, and, with relief, bid her farewell, as Hamlet once said mournful Queen, adieuWorks CitedKeightley, Thomas. fay Mythology. New York AMS press, 1968.MacDonald, George. The Princess and the Goblin. New York Dell Publishing, 1986.Mark Morris. Of Goblins and Dwarves. 5 Nov. 2002 http//www.humanities.ualberta.ca/mmorris/388/goblins.htm/. The Origins and Purpose of the Goblin Queen in George MacDonalds the PThe Origins and Purpose of the Goblin Queen in George MacDonalds the Princess and the GoblinWhatever the purpose of a story may be, whether the tale is a philosophical, moralizing or merely entertaining one, an assortment of characters with sufficient depth, notability and believability is vital to shoulder the burden of the authors intent. George MacDonald, in one of his most famous novels, The Princess and the Goblin, displays an acute awareness of this fact, presenting us with some of the most colorful and unforgettable characters seen in childrens literature. When considering the exceptional imagination MacDonald infused into his story and characters, it is little wonder that The Princess and the Goblin is considered to be one of the pioneering novels that gave birth to the immense genre of modern fantasy.Of the two worlds introduced to us by MacDonald in his novel, that of the surface world, a land of sunlight, castles upon rolling hills, and princesses, and that of the underworld, a realm of darkness, stone, and, of course, goblins, it is definitely the latter that is more bereft of significant characters. On the surface, Lootie, Curdie, Princess Irene and her mysterious, powerful grandmother are all key chara cters with a prominent role in advancing the plot, yet in the dark goblin world, we are given an impression of a teeming, faceless mass of bizarre creatures, with no real sense of individualism. Of the few underworld characters we do meet, the goblin queen is the most prominent, and indeed, she is one of the memorable and distinctive characters in the entire novel. Her impact on the reader is greater reinforced by her embodiment of many elements of folklore and fairytale on top of the already ancient t... ...ons that MacDonald collected, converged, and ultimately made his own. Or perhaps she represented for MacDonald some female presence in his own life, an overaggressive figure deserving of the authors fearsome representation in his novel. This remains unknown, but the goblin queen nevertheless represents one of the few truly menacing figures in the story despite many goblins, also presumably the king and his son, we do not feel that the goblin threat has been truly removed un til we see her lifeless form, and, with relief, bid her farewell, as Hamlet once said Wretched Queen, adieuWorks CitedKeightley, Thomas. Fairy Mythology. New York AMS press, 1968.MacDonald, George. The Princess and the Goblin. New York Dell Publishing, 1986.Mark Morris. Of Goblins and Dwarves. 5 Nov. 2002 http//www.humanities.ualberta.ca/mmorris/388/goblins.htm/.

The Necessity Of Bilingual Education In Our Society Essay -- Language

The Necessity Of Bilingual culture In Our SocietyBilingual Education has been a controversial subject within the educational system since its inception in 1974. It is of great importance to define the term Bilingual which is The ability to speak and commiserate two languages. Included in this definition is the implied ability to transfer friendship , skills and concepts from the first language to the second language148. It is important because it is upon the ability of the student to transfer knowledge to the second language that is the key to the success of Bilingual Education. The implementation of bilingual education surfaced as a consequence of the Lau vs. Nichols decision, which stated that schools must provided some material body of special help to those children who do not speak position . The Lau decision held that those students that do not speak English were denied equal treatment under the urbane Right Act of 1964, if they were to be taught in the same manner as the English speaking children. In 1976, following the Lau decision, California adopted the Chacon-Moscone Bilingual Bicultural Education Act A.B.507 which established specific bilingual program requirements for identification, instruction, staffing assignments, classroom composition, reclassification and parent involvement. In 1980 this act was amended , adding to the above that its primary goal was to move pupils into English as the language of instruction as effective and efficiently as possible. This amendment changed the above original Act to a more complex set of requirements that include Language Arts and Math in the students native language , English Language Development (ESL), Social Science, Music, Art and P.E . This curriculum utilizes Spec... ... of home and community. (95) allow us not forget that this country began as the chosen land of immigrants. Works CitedJoh, Jason, 147Cultural Diversity and Education148, Education in American Society School of Education, CSUN -199 4 (2-8) Krashen, Steven & Biber, Douglass, On Course Bilingual Education 145s Success in California . California Association for Bilingual Education, Sacramento, California. 1988 (27)Crawford , James, Bilingual Education History , Politics , Theory and entrust Crane Publishing Company, New Jersey, 1989 (39) Hardy, Terri, Daily News 147Bilingual grads surpass native peers on test148 June 22, 1998 (front page) Hooks, Bell - Lunsford, Andrea/Ruszkiewicz, John The Presence of Others Voices that Call for Response, 147Keeping Close to Home trend and Education148, St. Martin146s Press, Inc. New York, NY. (2nd. ed.) (95)

Human Evolution Essay -- Biology Papers

Human EvolutionHuman evolution is the biological and ethnic development of military personnels. A human is any member of the species Homo sapiens, meaning wise man. Since at least the Upper Paleolithic era, some 40,000 years ago, every(prenominal) human society has devised a creation myth to explain how humans came to be. Creation myths argon based on cultural beliefs that concord been adopted as a legitimate explanation by a society as to where we came from. The science of paleoanthropology, which also tries to create a narrative about how humans came to be, is late technical. Paleoantropology is the science of the evolution of humans, and it is the base of exclusively research in that field. Humans have undergone many antithetical changes during the last hundred million years, and it is the paleoanthropologists job to divulge and explain these changes. In this research paper I will examine human physical traits that define their species, human origins from pre-humans to mode rn humans, major discoveries and the history of human evolution, and what the future may hold as far as evolution for the human species. Homo sapiens are the only living representative of the family Hominidae. The Hominidae, or hominids are a group of upright walking primates with relatively large brains. So all humans are hominids, but not all hominids could be called human. Next all humans are primates. The mammalian order of primates includes about 180 species of prosimians (lemur like animals), monkeys, apes, and ourselves. Primates are unusual mammals for they have evolved such distinctive traits as highly developed binocular vision, mobile fingers and toes with flat nails instead of claws, a shortened snout with a reduced star of smell, and large brains relative to body siz... ...hat the species is going somewhere under natural selection and then describe how most successful species are stable through with(predicate) their geological lifetimes. Furthermore, given the relati ve pace of cultural change and lack of isolation of human populations, there is little chance for a new different human species. Modern understanding of human evolution rests on known fossils, but the picture is far from complete. Only future fossil discoveries will modify scientists to fill many of the blanks in the present picture of human evolution. Employing sophisticated technological devices as well as the accumulated knowledge of the patterns of geological deposition, anthropologists are now able to pinpoint the most promising locations for fossil hunting more accurately. In the years ahead this will result in an terrible increase in the understanding of human biological history.

Impact of Globalisation on the Music Industry Essay -- Globalization E

Define and explain globalisation, then critically evaluate and illustrate the impact globalisation has had on a particular business, the industry it operates in, its country of rip and the country or countries the business has expanded into. In this paper I will be discussing how globalisation has impacted the Music Industry in new-made years, and in particular the multi-national giant cosmopolitan Music Group (UMG). Globalisation is a noun that is hard to define it has many definitions depending on which scholar you talk to, which lexicon you reference, and the viewpoint you take. The Oxford dictionary will tell you that globalisation is the process by which businesses or other organisations develop international influence or start run on an international scale (Definition of globalization in English). Peoples perspectives on defining the word vary depending on the place they were born, where they have lived, the righteousness they follow, their social status, political ideolo gy, cultural hazardground and wealth, amongst other things, because all of these will affect whether they view globalisation to be a positive or disconfirming occurrence. My favourite definition comes from Kenichi Ochmae a Japanese organisational theorist most recognised for introducing Japanese management methods, such as the just-in-time method of production, to the Western world. In 1992, Ochmae express that globalisation is the onset of the borderless world (Al-Rodhan, 2006). This is my preferred explanation of globalisation because it is so simple to digest. From the phrase borderless world alone you can begin to understand merely what globalisation is all about, however the simplicity of this definition is also its downfall because it is very non... ...ndi, a Paris-based multi-national who in 2012 declined an offer of 8.5 billion US$ for the company from SoftBank (Staff, 2013). Universal Music Group operates in over 60 countries across the world with its corporate headqu arters located in Santa Monica (California) and Broadway (New York City) (FAQs, 2014). The firm owns many hugely triple-crown record labels including Deutsche Grammophon Capitol Records, Decca, Def Jam Recordings, EMI Records, Interscope Records, Island Records, Mercury Records, Motown Records, Polydor Records, Republic Records, Virgin Records and many more. This puts them is an extremely fortunate position in the music industry because they own many back catalogues of artists who have experienced huge fame and have the ability to attract new talented artists because of their history and the prestige linked to the names of the labels they own.

Buchi Emechetas Ona :: essays papers

Buchi Emechetas Ona Ona is as Much a Love Story as it is a Tale of Ritualized Beliefs and Cultural look Patterns often stories in a particular culture take into account, and capitalize on symbols of that particular culture for thematic effectiveness. Many indigenous stories thus defend generalized patterns of beliefs that serve as the backdrop which enables readers to relate to the stories and the content thereof. Buchi Emechetas Ona is a powerful sack out story that centers around ritualized beliefs and heathenish behavior patterns of one African tribe. The story is legendary in nature, alluding to its cultural import. It is about Abagdi, a very wealthy local chief, who is love with Ona, one of his mistresses. Agbadi is head over heals for Ona despite the feature that he has many wives. Agbadi is particularly crazy about Ona because, un worry the other women, she is not submissive as she was the daughter chief Obi Umunna. The cultural news report in the story is that man e njoys hunting, taming and conquering even in matters of love Agbadi finds a special thrill in trying to win the unconquerable love of Ona. Ona is a woman ahead of her time, unwilling to be controlled, even by the strong and powerful Agbadi, not only because of her individual desires, but because of her respect for the cultural norms of her society. From the onset of the story we learn that Agbadi proposes marriage to Ona. Since Onas father, Chief Obi Umunna, had no sons, he raised Ona to be very assertive and assume what is considered boylike traits. Thus, like a man, her father raised her never to stoop to any man. Does this mean that women and men are not considered equals in this society? Evidently, it seems the only causation Ona was thought not to stoop to any man was because she was raised essentially to behave like a man. Men and women are therefore not considered as equals in this culture. Nevertheless, Chief Umunna maintains that Ona was free to have men, however, and if she bore a son, he would take her fathers name thereby rectifying the omission that nature had made. Two master(prenominal) deductions can be made here first that men are free to be promiscuous (she is free to have men) and that having a boy kidskin asserts a mans manhood.

Buchi Emechetas Ona :: essays papers

Buchi Emechetas Ona Ona is as Much a Love Story as it is a Tale of Ritualized Beliefs and heathen Behavior Patterns often stories in a particular culture take into account, and capitalize on symbols of that particular culture for thematic effectiveness. Many indigenous stories so contain generalized patterns of beliefs that serve as the backdrop which enables readers to relate to the stories and the content thereof. Buchi Emechetas Ona is a powerful love story that centers around ritualized beliefs and cultural behavior patterns of iodine African tribe. The story is legendary in nature, alluding to its cultural import. It is about Abagdi, a very wealthy local chief, who is love with Ona, one of his mistresses. Agbadi is head over heals for Ona scorn the fact that he has many wives. Agbadi is particularly crazy about Ona because, unlike the other women, she is not submissive as she was the daughter chief Obi Umunna. The cultural theme in the story is that man enjoys hunting, taming and conquering even in matters of love Agbadi finds a special thrill in trying to win the obstinate love of Ona. Ona is a woman ahead of her time, unwilling to be controlled, even by the strong and powerful Agbadi, not solo because of her individual desires, but because of her celebrate for the cultural norms of her society. From the onset of the story we learn that Agbadi proposes marriage to Ona. Since Onas father, Chief Obi Umunna, had no sons, he raised Ona to be very assertive and assume what is considered young traits. Thus, like a man, her father raised her never to stoop to any man. Does this mean that women and men are not considered equals in this society? Evidently, it seems the only reason Ona was thought not to stoop to any man was because she was raised essentially to behave like a man. Men and women are therefore not considered as equals in this culture. Nevertheless, Chief Umunna maintains that Ona was free to have men, however, and if she bore a son, he would take her fathers name thereby rectifying the omission that nature had made. 2 important deductions can be made here first that men are free to be promiscuous (she is free to have men) and that having a son child asserts a mans manhood.

International Marketing and Management Essay

1. PrefaceAs the neo-classic theory, the information model (McCracken, 2005) within publicize is base on the idea of homo economicus the wise human being or the rational consumer. According to this theory the consumers evaluate products on a rational basis and buy the goods which are assessed to optimise their self-interest. Thus the ethnic context surrounding the good is not taken into account when planning a branding strategy. This indicates that the consumer at any demonstraten time provide select a product on the basis of an objective evaluation upon the goods public utility regardless of any other f forgeors. However, how does the information model explain that that the consumers actions deviate from what is dictated in the theory and hence that the consumer does not always act rational?Consumers buying patterns and decision making seem to be controlled by other factors than rational evaluations and hence the information model appears to face limitations when trying to give explanation to why expensive branded goods are chosen rather than similar goods with let out brand value choices, which are inherently irrational. So what triggers the consumer to make these choices? And if the consumers based their consumption on rationality would about luxury goods not battle to survive in the market place? Therefore, when looking into the specialty coffee1 market it could be argued that the similar cheaper coffee product now supplied by fast food chains such as McDonalds or Dunkin Donuts, would easily substitute a product such as coffee from Starbucks Corporation2?However, it seems like the consumers act less rationally than predicted by the neo-classic economic theory and thus base their consumption choices on other factors than for instance price it is not rational to buy a tall latt in Starbucks when a product with similar product-property croupe be bought in McDonalds for less than half the price, but nevertheless numerous consumers do buy their l atte at Starbucks. Then it is arguable that the quality and taste were what severalize the Starbucks latte from the McDonalds latte, which would justify the more than expensive purchase.But according to specialists the price premium of coffee at Starbucks toilettenot be justified anymore (Schwaner-Albright, 2008) once again indicating that something other than pure information is controlling consumers buying decisions. McCracken (2005) explains these irrational choices with the so-called transformation model, the counterpart of the information model, which operates within another paradigm not explaining consumer choices on the basis of information but on the basis of consumers being surrounded by culture culture which affects the consumption patterns and that products possess intangible benefits or meanings which can be transferred from the products to the consumer, meanings which the consumers need to construct their identity. For thisSpeciality coffee Sometimes called gourmet or premium coffee, Specialty Coffees are made from exceptional beans grown solitary(prenominal) in ideal coffee-producing climates. They tend to feature distinctive flavours, which are shaped by the unique characteristics of the soil that produces them (SCAA, 2008)Starbucks Corporation will be referred to as Starbucks in the rest of the thesis.Ea Elisabeth Finn Nielsen & Tina Holm Mortensen The Story of Starbucksreason rational choices are not always made brands possess intangible meanings which results in consumers making irrational choices based on emotions and feelings and which to some degree may explain the success of the Starbucks until now.2. Problem AreaInvestigating the state and direction of Starbucks leaves one with the impression of a very fortunate company it is an almost unbelievable success story about the coffee chain and a brand which changed the Americans coffee and caf culture. Since 1987, when this success story took its departure, Starbucks has attained la rge growth results.The coffee shop chain has been evolution with more that 20% a year (Bonamici & Fortune, 2004) and in atomic number 23 years the chain almost tripled the human activity of stores worldwide, from 5,886 in 2002 to 15,011 in 2007 (Harrer, 2008) resulting in an almost global omnipresence (Starbucks, 2008a). Thus, Starbucks is developing rapidly which is reflected in the fact that the chain until last year opens approximately five new stores a day worldwide. According to the corporation, the intention is to let this development continue and the plan is to add approximately 6,500 stores to the total store count by the end of 2011 (Starbucks, 2008b)However, in the media, Starbucks is criticised for this rapid growth and analysts do not seem to doubt that the intricacy objective of a total number of 40,000 stores is to stretch the expansion too far, as it is estimated that it might be difficult to maintain a profitable turn everywhere in the long run (Nocera, 2008). Fu rthermore, if continuing this fast, some analysts look that the corporation eventually will destroy what they go by built up and what have become to be known as their unique characteristics. Hence, analysts believe that Starbucks have lost management and track of the Starbucks Experience3 which has always been the cornerstone of the corporation (Nocera, 2008).These statements are particularly interesting as Starbucks growth rate seems to have been slowing complicate the past year (Starbucks, 2008d). To this, it is seen how Starbucks is not able to meet the expectations of the market, which is reflected in dropping stock prices in particular, and in the fact that Starbucks struggles to retain the homogeneous costumer business as before. Starbucks believes that increasing competition from quick-service restaurants, which have started offering coffee and the decrease in the American economy, are the main explanations for Starbucks inferior results (Starbucks, 2008c). Naturally, it cannot be rejected that some of Starbucks decline is connected to the US economic slowdown as the tendency is seen across the industry, but comparing Starbucks stock prices to the overall index, Starbucks has experienced a sharp fall the past year (Factiva, 2008).Therefore, the decline may have other explanations. Although Starbucks is far from economic crisis at this moment, it can be argued that potential crisis are lurking. Starbucks strives to endure customers with a special and theatrical experience in a comfortable and inviting environment when buying their coffee beverage. This is referred to as The Starbucks Experience which will be exposit on later as the experience comprises of many different factors.Ea Elisabeth Finn Nielsen & Tina Holm Mortensen The Story of StarbucksExtending the experience of the Starbucks Corporation, there is no doubt that the future is challenging to Starbucks, especially since it has been presumed that the comfortable days of Starbucks is over (Gilbert in Nocera, 2008). In this context, it is essential to be aware of the growing tendency of customers deselecting Starbucks deliberately and especially the growing number of customers actually avoiding Starbucks (Thompson et al., 2006 Thompson and Arsel, 2004). The growing number of customers dissociating themselves from Starbucks, expressing their negative attitudes towards the corporation, cannot be ignored as they can be seen as an expression of Starbucks struggling with the trustworthiness of their brand.2.1 Branding as the Root energizeDue to the growing dissociation from Starbucks and the questioning of their narratives, we argue that branding can be at the root of the problems Starbucks is facing currently. Thus, Starbucks approach to their branding is questioned. The dissociation from Starbucks can furthermore be understood as an expression of Starbucks not delivering what the consumer of today demands thereby arguing that the Starbucks brand struggles in corre sponding with the cultural desires in society.The inclination of the thesis is therefore to investigate how Starbucks has handled their branding and hence narratives. In relation to branding we have come across Holt (2004) and McCracken (1986 2005) who both take a cultural approach to branding and thus focus on the importance of brands relating to the cultural context. Holt (2004) and McCrackens (1986 2005) theories analyse brands attached with meanings which consumers adopt when they buy the brand, thereby the brands meanings and values are transferred to the consumers identity.Thus, these brands can be characterised as identity brands. Starbucks is identified to be such an identity brand, seeing that customers apply the meanings of Starbucks brand in creating themselves (Thompson et al., 2006). Therefore, branding is about creating narratives which correspond with the desired image of the consumers. This requires an understanding of the historical and cultural context. The point is that if the narratives are not continuously related to the changing cultural context, hence the desires of the consumers, the brand will be in trouble as the narratives lose their trustworthiness (Holt, 2004).Based on Holts (2004) theory about iconic brands, it can additionally be argued that Starbucks has reached iconic status as they achieved to become a symbol representing the desires of consumer culture when they entered the market. They were able to comply with the subcultural desires of that time, exemplified by the bobo-culture, which will be elaborated on later (Thompson et al., 2006). This may leave one with the impression that Starbucks has pioneered in applying a cultural branding strategy. However, this does not seem to be the event since it is suggested that they do not change in line with the context yet, time after time, they intimate that they pursue an emotional branding strategy (Schultz & Yang, 1997 Michelli, 2006). Consumers doubt in Starbucks trustworthiness indicates conflicts in the image of Starbucks, and furthermore that the narratives do not correspond with the identity that consumers desire.Ea Elisabeth Finn Nielsen & Tina Holm Mortensen The Story of StarbucksMcCracken (2006) points out that all trends and concepts emerging as cultural innovations over time will be perceived as an ordinary standard hence they lose what made them distinctive and interesting in the beginning, as salutary as their initial novelty value This is furthermore an interesting approach to Starbucks decline as it may be the issue that Starbucks has difficulty in retaining the same position in the mind of the consumers seeing that the concept of specialty coffee might now be perceived as a mainstream concept.The cultural branding approach complies with and overcomes the shortcomings of emotional branding (Holt, 2004) which will be outlined as the branding strategy of Starbucks in the Literature Review. Therefore, the following Literature Review will serve as a justifying foundation for applying a cultural branding approach to the understanding of the Starbucks brand.3. Literature ReviewThe Starbucks corporation has been discussed in various articles, books, and TV shows and it seems that a large amount of writers have an opinion about the company which they wish to express in one way or another. However, only hardly a(prenominal) articles and books have taken the discussion and analysis about the famous company to an academic level, and quite a few of these apply Starbucks as a case example and hence are not focussed on Starbucks alone. In the following review, we will outline the tendencies towards Starbucks branding. We have chosen to include academic research, consultancy work, and more descriptive analyses.We are aware of the fact that in the case of the consultancy literature, it appears to be weaker in its contestation due to the fact that it is not based on perfect research. However, since only a little literature analyses Starbucks on an academic level, consultancy literature is included to give a more comprehensive image of the branding of Starbucks as it is found to provide a useful insight into how Starbucks have gone about their branding knowledge which can be applied later in the thesis. Academic research includes, among others, Thompson and Arsel (2004), Thompson et al. (2006), Lyons (2005), Rindova in Lerpold et al. (2007).We define consultancy books as literature written with the purpose of giving the business-worlds suggestions on how to go about branding by applying Starbucks as a prime example. In the Literature Review, they are represented by Michelli (2007) and Scott Bedbury (2002). Lastly, there has been identified descriptive literature upon Starbucks branding. This is mainly written by Koehn (2001), Pendergrast (2001) and Luttinger and Dicum (2006), who include Starbucks in the historical context of the specialty coffee sectors development.In general, it can be argued that the liter ature found shows an agreement in that Starbucks branding strategy is emotional, though some only imply this implicitly. We attempt to identifyEa Elisabeth Finn Nielsen & Tina Holm Mortensen The Story of Starbucksgaps in the existing literature on which to base our argumentation of choosing a cultural branding approach. Moreover, most of the literature is written with the purpose of explaining Starbucks current troubles therefore the gaps identified should not be seen as a objurgation towards the existing literature as it has not been its purpose to analyse Starbucks from a cultural and contextual approach. Moreover, all texts have been composed before the crisis of Starbucks and therefore it seems tenacious that Starbucks poorer performance has not been investigated. Nevertheless, the fact is that only few authors have taken Starbucks lack of cultural branding up for evaluation and we will apply knowledge from these authors as foundation for the further research.3.1 A Holistic Approach Michelli (2007) describes with an internal analysis of the corporation how Starbucks revolutionised the coffee industry, gained high growth rates, and success worldwide. Michelli (2007) points out that the company has followed five principles, and that these have lead directly to their success. The principles are all focused on how the company can differentiate from other coffee shops and, through the principles, create a special coffee experience for the customer. The key to this special experience is to create a connecter between the partner4 and the customer and through this connection create a relation that emotionally attaches the customer to the brand.Michelli (2007) does not intend to describe the branding strategy of the company, and the purpose of his book is not to demonstrate the branding of Starbucks, but to develop a generic framework for success by indicating that any company can gain success applying the five principles. However, we argue that Michelli (20 07) through the book, although maybe not consciously describes the branding of Starbucks, and that the five principles described in sum, constitute the branding strategy, or at least part of it. Implicitly, it can be argued that the strategy Michelli (2007) is describing is an emotional branding strategy as it is evident that emotions are the pivotal point of the strategy, and thus that the goal is to create an emotional relationship with the customers through the five principles.Thereby, focus seems so be shifted from a product benefit-driven approach to an emotional appeal (Roberts, 2004 in Thompson et al., 2006). What also seems clear is that the five principles shall not be deviated from. This indicates a consistency that is in line with the thoughts of emotional branding. Hence, the principles should be kept consistent in all the brand activities of the company over time.Michellis (2007) focus is predominantly internal. It is the CEO, managers, and partners who, from a top-down perspective, deliver the five principles and hence the brand to the customer. As mentioned before, the key is to connect with the customer and create a relationship, which according beforehand HowardP.S. Everything that we do, from this point on (from the most simple and basic), matters. Master the fundamentals. Experience StarbucksSourcehttp//www.starbucks.com/aboutus/pressdesc.asp?id=825

Who or What Is Responsible for the Downfall of Macbeth

Who or what is prudent for the downf totally of Macbeth For brave Macbethwell he deserves that name Disdaining fortune, with his brandishd steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, Like valours minion shape out his passage Till he faced the slave Which neer shook hands, nor bade f arewell to him,Till he unseamd him from the nave to the chaps,And fixd his head upon our battlements. Act 1 picture II The tragedy of Macbeth is one of William Shakespeares most famous plays about a man who murders his king and continues to commit other acts of scoundrely to secure his come out of power.The broad spectrum for the downfall of Macbeth would include the three witches, Lady Macbeth and who else but Macbeth himself. For it is his own pushy nature, insecurity and fear that drives him into creating his own ruination. Our first impression of the character Macbeth is by dint of the words of others, the wounded sergeant who praises him for his valor. This is followed by Duncans words of pra ise as he refers to him as O valiant cousin worthy gentleman .However these heroic accolades do not seem to last long as our perception of his character is tainted after his meeting with the witches. Macbeth is shown to be entranced by the prophecies made by the witches and moves through a dreamlike state and seems to be possessed or in a trance (whether it being literal or simply an act of his own doubts this is debatable). Some may see Macbeth simply as a puppet being controlled by supernatural forces as he is twice described to be rapt and be quick to blame his downfall on a twisted rick of fate, or inedibility.Though the witches are held trustworthy for the initial inception of the idea, judging that Macbeth is one of sound mind and body, he should be strong willed enough to be able to resist temptations. In incident his inability to do so, is further echoed in our hearts by the comparison between his and Banquos response. After the second prophecy becomes true, Macbeths fi rst thoughts turn to murder. He demonstrates his terror at having these thoughts and horrible imaginings enter his mind, with his heart knocking at his ribs. From this e can gather that Macbeth would have originally possessed the ambitious murderous nature that proceeds to take over, giving the readers a glimpse at his darker side. His earlier thoughts of betrayal can overly be seen from his reaction to Duncan naming Malcom his successor. Stars, hide your fires / Let not light see my black and deep desires / The eye wink at the hand yet let that be, / Macbeth is disappoint in Duncans choice and once a ca-ca thinks about murder to gain kingship, a clear example of how his ambition begins to brew within him.Though Macbeth is in the end responsible for his own tragedy, Shakespeare paints the roles of women in the play as evil, manipulative and ambitious, even going far enough to push past traditional female virtues to make up characters that enrich the plot. Exploring the relations hip between gender, masculinity and power, bringing in ideals of bravery, power, violence and force of will. A correlation between manhood and displays of violence and cruelty is also heavily implied by the characters. Throughout the play Lady Macbeth is seen as a frighteningly manipulative woman, as she constantly emasculates her husband.Knowing of his desperation to prove his manliness, she calls him a coward and insults his manliness, Macbeth falls a dumb victim to this manipulation. Many argue that since Shakespeares treatment of women is misogynistic, the women of this play must be held responsible as it is heavily implied that women are the flummox for the bloody action of this play, however this is not the case. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are the heart of the play, as it is only through their ambitious nature which drives the bloody communicate in the play forward.However later on in the play, Macbeth is shown to act more willfully, shown by his improvisations on the mo rning of Duncans murder, his decision to murder Banquo and Fleance, his decision to run through Macduffs wife and child and even acts indifferently to the news of his wifes death. He begins to gradually isolate himself from his wife, clearly indicating how he has cut all ties with Lady Macbeth as his lust for kingship takes over and consumes him, once again acting upon his own free will.Though a man of unspeakable evil, Macbeth differs from the traditional Shakespearean villain as he is unable to completely conquer his feelings of guilt and self doubt, enabling a much more complex emotional turmoil, displaying the dramatic take apart from what he was to what he became. Throughout the play, Shakespeare brings out the ambivalent personality of Macbeth (this being particularly obvious in the early stages after certain encounters with women) as unreasoning ambition obliterates his earlier attributes as he comes out as a tyrant.His ambitious nature has clearly lead to ill effects upon himself, as he becomes tempted with these ideals and becomes a tyrant. Throughout the play, Macbeths dialogue and actions showcase his overwhelming guilt (appearing in physical forms of apparitions and hallucinations). Demonstrating that Macbeth is fully aware of his wrongdoings and understands that his actions are corrupt. Despite the guilt that is effort him insane, Macbeth makes no effort in stopping his wrongdoings. All causes shall give way/ I am in blood Steppd in so far that, /should I wade no more, /Returning were as tedious as go oer/.Bringing out his underlying characteristics within his personality, allowing to readers to understand that his subsequent acts of murder are motivated by his fear and insecurity over loosing his kingship and of the discovery of his crimes. Macbeth demonstrates that he has a conscious and knows his thoughts are immoral and evil, My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, / Shakes so my single state of man that function / Is smotherd in surmise and nothing is / But what is not. In spite of all of these , Macbeth makes no attempt to repent or reverse his situation and is therefore responsible for his own tragedy.In conclusion, Macbeth himself is responsible for his own downfall for several reasons. Though the witches predictions are responsible for initiating his downward spiral, Macbeth was the one who first thought about killing Duncan. Lady Macbeths merciless ambition and manipulative nature influenced his thoughts, however it was Macbeth that allowed his wife to gain so much control over him, allowing her influence and putting power into her hands (though eventually cutting all ties with her and acting out of his own evilness).His ruthless ambition drives him to violence, his insecurities about his masculinity allows him to be manipulated and his lack of courage stops him from trying to reverse or resist his own tragedy. That is why, Macbeth must be wholly responsible for his downfall. Out, out, brief candle / Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player,/That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, / And then is heard no more. / It is a tale /Told by an idiot, / full of sound and fury,? Signifying nothing. / Act V, scene V

Training Practices in Japan

lacquer, the home country of tech giants Sony, Panasonic, and Sharp, has faced several giving recruitment challenges that have overturned the amounts reputation of excellence to a reputation that Is no longer considered to be on the cutting edge of cool. The appeal to work in Japan and for a Nipponese firm isnt appealing for any longer for several reasons. For a country with companies that were next to Western firms in popularity, Japan straightaway has a smaller economy than China and has a less practical workforce comp bed to the skilled and specialized talent of the young in China, the West, and India.Beyond Japans poor execute economy, Japan has also faced some(a) political mishaps that also made the country less appealing for the monger talent. With Japan on the brink of a territorial war with China, recruitment by Japanese firms of young Chinese talent has fallen by more than half this heavy. A nonher struggle that muse seekers face is Japans strict and strong tradition al sense and its stubbornness in letting go of traditional work ethic practices and Japans way of professional life. Japans especial(a) use of the English language has also sc atomic number 18d many International talents from seeking employment In Japanese firms. American, Chinese and European new graduates dont hope to Invest In the time or energy it would take to adjust their way of life to the Japanese way of life. The most important challenge to the dearth of young talent in Japan is, the belief that traditional Japanese companies dont give new talent much responsibility.Furthermore, the Japanese still feel that employees should emerge of small and learn the ropes over time whereas the Chinese and western firms hire new talent to utilize their abilities, strengths and specializations. Tankard points out however that there argon some Japanese firms such as awaken and Deana that are no longer following the rotational belief that new hires should be given a temporary removal to prove themselves. These firms also disagree with Japans traditional one-size-fits-all approach which recently hasnt proved successful as exemplified by Sony lack of innovation and technological advancements.Firms like Reawaken and Deana, have been successful in outsourcing students from MIT and Indian universities and have already given them excellent quality production both successfully and satisfactorily. As many firms are slowly transitioning to this approach, several firms are also using mergers and acquisitions as a gateway to obtain high-quality talent. Taking explains how companies such as Reawaken and NET Data, who are expanding globularly through and through acquisitions, have been successful because they have access to larger pools of talent. II.Analysis Introduction Over the past decade or so, Japan has seen a descending(prenominal) shift in economy, innovation, employment opportunities, and popularity. Even before the earthquake and tsunami that struck the Japanes e islands, several large Japanese corporations such as Sony, Sharp, and Panasonic that were known as industry leaders and were dollied by the rest of the realism, experienced horrible financial performance strictly due to a change in talent oversight requirements and practices that had proven to be more successful than the Japanese professional traditions.Its important to ask how do the Japanese do things several(predicate)ly? Japanese firms do a number of things extremely well. One is to train their people carefully, a strategy that many successful U. S. Firms also employ. Management at disparagerudes toward quality also are quite an different. The Japanese philosophy is that anything worth doing in the area of quality is worth overdoing. Workers are trained for all Jobs on the line, even though they eventually are assigned to a single industrial planttation.This method of training overkill ensures that everyone can perform every Job perfectly and results in two important outc omes or if psyche is moved to another Job, he or she can handle the work without any additional assistance and the workers realize that management puts an extremely high repute on the need for quality. The Japanese do not accept the common U. S. Strategy of building a product with quality thats good enough. Although Japan seems to cerebrate that its traditions ND its the professional way of life is the only and correct way of life, many Japanese natives including Mr..Highchair, the CEO of Reawaken, believe that this one-size-fits-all approach no longer works in emerging Japanese corporations. The training that Japanese firms used to give and that traditional firms still give using the training overkill method is insufficient compared to the teaching and training that Mr.. Highchair states makes Chinese talent more suitable. It is important to relate the findings by Taking to c formerlypts that we have analyzed in section three of the line text and in specific, chapter ten whic h cuisses international training and management development.In the next section, I plan to discuss some training functions discussed in the text that Japan can adopt when dealing with outsourced new talent that has proven successful to the both the firm and the talents development. The text does serve a great role in pointing out five concepts that the Japanese can adopt to drive better usage of outsourced talent and its global workforce. These concepts are I. think and act globally iii. empower teams to arrive at a global future lb. make learning a core competence for the global organization . ND both the global organization and its soul members must constantly reinvent themselves. Pages 255-256, International Human Resource Management, E (Global HARM) I. Think and Act Globally For Japanese firms to succeed in thinking and acting globally, global Japanese corporations must train talent to think of all markets in the world and strategies how to succeed in each individual market a nd not only the Japanese market. A decade ago, Japan did not have to think and act globally as Japan led markets and industries into thinking that their ways were the best ways.The Japanese were persuasive in their practices due to the success and strength of global Mines such as Sony and Panasonic who led the world at one in innovation, financial success, and employment satisfaction. Iii. Develop Global Leadership Skills Another practice Japanese firms need to succeed is they must also challenge talent with global learning ideas and a build its forefronts to develop global leadership skills. Reawaken and Deana exemplify how through trust, all firms can build leadership in talents. In Japan the traditional way is to start of small and slow and build your way up.Unfortunately, this out dated practice is no longer suitable for todays on the job(p) generation, which is always looking for advancement. Giving an talent the tools they need is usually enough to get the talent thinking on their own feet, accomplishing tasks with autonomy, and leading others successfully through cooperation, respect and integrity. lb. Empower Teams to Create a Global Future Japan must also empower teams to create a global future to be able to be successfully and competent in foreign and domestic markets.Japanese Mines can empower teams by creating expectations that require for talent to work on projects tit other international divisions. By allowing for talents across multi-regions the ability to perform organizational projects will allow for talents to build better problem-solving skills. As we learn through the course, different regions have different traditions, standards, regulations and ways of doing things. By allowing for cross-team cooperation, talents can find unique approaches and develop practices that can suit headquarters or several regions beyond those involved.With firms in Japan seeking mergers and acquisitions, empowering teams to cooperate globally should only becom e easier. V. Make Learning a Core Competence for the Global Organization firms strong taper on its goals and missions and task execution. Justine mentions that because of his firms focus, he believes that he will emerge with a strong set of engineering skills that he wouldnt gain elsewhere. With out much acknowledgment Deana has really become a core competent global organization that focuses on developing a learning atmosphere throughout all of the firms doings.By doing so Japanese firms, like never before, can adopt an ability to learn and project outcomes much faster than competitors, which creates a sustainable advantage. . Constant Re-invention of the Firm and the natural endowment Training-overkill and other traditional training practices followed by the Japanese are efficient for production, but not advantageous or beneficial for the development of the talent. Training-overkill and practices where Japanese talents are trained on every aspect of the position and how to resol ve every problem can be detrimental for the growth of the talent.A talent needs to be able to confidently analyze, assess, and gather thoughts on the talents self-development in order to make the next move to advance his or her career. Reassessing also creates room for a talent to seek lateral promotion and assist in creation of strategies that allow for the talent to reach success. In todays highly competitive and everyday globally changing economy, it is important for training practices to encourage talents to strategies to avoid stagnation and lack of interest in their positions. IL. Conclusion The challenges that Japan currently faces are not challenges that are unimaginable to overcome. With the success of Japanese firms such as Deana, Reawaken, and NET Data, its only a matter of time that these firms successes are recognized. Their constant mission to veer away from the norms of the Japanese tradition that they know dont work and veer towards new strategies that develop the f irm globally will be the testament to their success.With their continuous efforts to train talent to world standards and beyond, these firms can only perform as well as the talent they recruit. Its also important to realize that with Japanese firms moving toward outsourcing special talents, that innovative standards that were once prevalent in the nation, will soon return. Ill. Discussion Questions If the Japanese were to outsource, how can the new hiring strategies and raining models prepare the talent for todays challenges while keeping the Japanese way of doing things in tact.Mention three new attributes found in new hires from China, India and the Western hemisphere that can be merged with former Japanese practices and traditions. 2. As discussed in the analysis, the Japanese are known for training-overkill. Will the new strategies found in several Japanese firms, such as Reawaken create inefficiency? Will hiring talent found on specific skill-sets be challenging for Japanese w ho are acclimated to training for every position? How will this affect Japans strict

Britain During The Inter-war Years Essay

After the First World War Britain suffered economically. This was due to its material export sales being reduced as trade was severely break in the war years encouraging customers to shop elsewhere for their goods much(prenominal) as Japan and other countries who took advantage of Britains uncertainty and added taxes to their imports. Britain was withal in debt by one million pounds owed to other countries, which did not help the situation.The first major slump began around 1921 when over two million people were unemployed people this was partly due to many men being injured in the war over one and a half million men from the united Kingdom alone were permanently weakened by wounds or the effects of gas. Also Britain saw a large reduction in their traditional exports such as coal, iron or steel which resulted in many jobs being forfeited.The coal industry was being left behind by oil, electricity and gas, these could be obtained cheaper or even for free from other countries lik e Poland where labour was cheaper and Germany who were still in debt for the reparations of the First World War. Suprisingly though Britain recovered quicker and more so than many of the other countries such as America, France and Belgium, it is argued that this was powered by residential gimmick and the rawer developing industries against rearmament for the Second World War.In the depressed areas of Britain Scotland, Lancashire Northern Ireland and southwest Wales unemployment and poverty were common and part of everyday life. Most of these areas were working class where its inhabitants will have been employed in the dwindling industries such as deportation and textiles and at that time there was no alternative work available. The government tried various ways to try and raise funds, they decided to reduce the wages paid to the few people who were still working to provide more funds to support the unemployed unfortunately this only succeeded to depress people bring forward an d encourage strikes.The government even tried to cut their own expenditure this would have involved a reduction in the pay of teachers and funding to schools and hospitals. They also returned to gold standard in April 1925 this made exports expensive but did make imports cheaper. They then raised income tax and reduced unemployment benefits by ten percent the lingo rates were also reduced to a low two- percent lowering the interest earned on money saved.Two unpaid commissioners were taken on to try and revive the worst hit areas this was said to have little or no effect. The government then set out to encourage new businesses by offering reduced rates, rent and income tax, this was effective but only in providing lightweight factory work mainly directed at women to shit the all new electrical goods such as parts for irons, radios and light bulbs.This meant that people had more extra cash to spend on consumer goods and more people were able to go on holiday for the first time or ev en buy their own home, this was encouraged by the falling cost of construction materials and cheaper borrowing as the interest rates dropped. This triggered a wave of house building to meet the increased demand, which in turn created many manual phallic orientated jobs and also increased the demand for household goods such as furniture and telephones.

Reaction Paper: Oedipus the King Essay

Prophecies, it is a presumption from extraordinary being, maybe from the prophets, gods or goddesses about the destiny of somebody. In the classical story of Oedipus the King, the story revolves about the prophecy made by the god about the destiny of Oedipus. It is a classic literature from the Greek mythology. It is a story about the young boy that was destined to kill his father and will commit incest by being the husband of his mother.Dramatic unities champion of actions, unity of time, unity of place. Unity of actions, it is the casual connections of events and incidents unity of time, it is a concept that the tragedy should confine itself as far as possible, to a single revolution of the cheerfulness unity of place, it is a concept about the epic, the epic can narrate the number of actions simultaneously in different parts. These concepts was shown by the story, it simultaneously narrate the actions and also with connections in any scene it also achieve the unity of time by making all the scenes looks like happen in just a day.Tragic hero, it was describe as a great man who is neither a paragon of virtue and justice nor undergoes the change to misfortune through each real badness or wickedness but because of some mistake. The tragic hero in the story is Oedipus.Hamartia, it may be accompanied by shape imperfection, it was describes as a situation where the hero makes an unintelligent act where you cannot immorally blame him/her. This concept can be seen in the story when Oedipus gets angry on the prophet because of saying he is the 1 who kill Laius.Hubris, it was describe as the obstacle that the tragic hero will encounter to achieve his goal. This was happen in the story when Oedipus was trying to know the truth, the herdsman didnt want to talk.Peripeteia, it is the human actions made results exactly opposite to what was intended it is working in blindness to ones own defeat. This was seen in the story, it is when Oedipus tried to escape the prophe cy, but while escaping, he killed his father where 3 roads met.Anagnorisis, it is the realization of truth, it is the opening of the eyes, sudden igniter flash in the darkness. This concept can see in the scene when herdsman tell the truth, and Oedipus was shocked, even Jocasta Oedipus made himself blind, while jocasta committed suicide.Catharsis, one of the nearly difficult concepts in poetics of Aristotle, describes as the purging of the emotions of pity and fear that are aroused in the viewer of a tragedy. You can see this in the story, it happens in the scene where the herdsman was forced by Oedipus to reveal the truth he was scared on how Oedipus will react.As a whole, the story is great. It touches the heart of every reader, and after reading this text, you wish that destiny will not happen to you or your friends and family. A nice text, must read.Sources1. http//www.slideshare.net/ashtri/aristotles-poetics-3096300 2. http//www.english.hawaii.edu/criticalink/aristotle/terms/ catharsis.html 3. http//www.ohio.edu/people/hartleyg/ref/aristotletragedy.html

The Core Values Of The Profession Education Essay

IntroductionSociety has changed on umteen foreparts in the last few decennaries. The rise of societal issues, uniform cyber-bullying, discourtesy for authorization and teenage gestations, among young person and babys have led to p bents and the community desiring schools to take a tougher stance in developing the societal and incorrupt capablenesss of the immature ( Lickona, 1991 ) . This has prompted the Ministry of Education ( MOE ) to implement alterations to the mastery system by stressing on Character and Citizenship Education ( CCE ) . The displacement from creation accomplishments and cognition senders to 1s that incorporate moral considerations into the management pattern is expected of instructors today ( Hansen, 2001 ) . In this epoch of alteration, it has been re all in ally supercharging right from the start of the occupation for bushel toss off instructors as they have to familiarise themselves with all the wide-ranging functions and duties of experient instructo rs ( Feiman-Nemser, 2001 Lortie, 1975 ) . With such demanding conditions, get toss off instructors need to create a clear sense of intent and uphold the nucleus value of the profession in order to win.Teachers must function as wise mans and groovy function theoretical accounts to their pupils. Harmonizing to Bandura ( 2002 ) , instructors argon expected to modulate their behavior with regard to professional criterions. Teachers, being of import grownups in young persons lives, have an impactful influence on their pupil s character growing and culture ( Park, 2004 ) . As get pour down instructors draw a bead on to carry through their different individualities when they join the instruction work force, they seek to construct up good resonance with their pupils but so happen it strong to pull the line amidst being rigorous and friendly with them ( Zoe, 2011 ) . Get downing instructors will non merely necessitate the necessary accomplishments and cognition to pull saturnine pu pils efficaciously in the emotional and affectional spheres, but besides a strong good compass to professionally cultivate their pupils heads. Students will therefore be able to get the better of societal quandary and title-holder morally responsible causes ( Gardner, Csikszentmihalyi & A Damon, 2001 ) .With the rapid influence of societal media, some beginning instructors are carry oning themselves unethically when they fail to separate the student-teacher boundary on internet ( Cindy, 2011 ) . The technologically-savvy beginning instructors are acquiring into more problem when they befriend their pupils utilizing societal media platforms similar Facebook and Twitter ( David & A Patrick, 2012 ) . Such sites frequently blur the student-teacher professional lines. Get downing instructors, being new in their profession, whitethorn be used to show their sentiments, posting inappropriate exposures or even utilizing expressed linguistic communication on such societal webs without r ecognizing that the populace and even their pupils they are friends with in the hardheaded universe can see their stations. This would hold damaging effects on the immature, waxy heads that they are entrusted with.The instruction of non-examinable topic like CCE will be a desperate concern for get downing instructors who strive to do efficient usage of clip to fix their pupils for trials alternatively ( Darling-Hammond, 1997 ) . A study conducted among teacher trainees found that merely 26.5 % of them supported the thought of learning this non-examinable topic. Many of them felt the thought of learning the citizenship constituent of CCE as propaganda and disputing to integrate them into mundane instruction ( Wang, 2008 ) . Research has shown that when instructors are less enthusiastic about the capable affair, pupils intrinsic motive to larn will worsen ( Patrick, Hisley & A Kempler, 2000 ) . This definitely gives get downing instructors a severe clip when they try to strike a b alance between the school s accent on academic accomplishments and to further character and citizenship values.With such vast functions in determining the hereafter coevals, instructors are seen as cardinal figures to maximise the potency of every pupil holistically ( Gregory & A Clark, 2003 ) . It is non surprising why MOE has ever focussed on instructors development by supplying them with appropriate preparation and support to authorise them with indispensable life-skills so that their pupils can besides profit ( Murray, 2002 ) . Schools besides lodge in in Professional Learning Communities to acquire experient instructors to portion their expertness on covering with debatable pupils with get downing instructors. However, the heavy work load get downing instructors struggle to get by in schools has made such extra enrichments to be jobs for them. Recent enterprises, like the Holistic Health Framework and resile Teacher Guidance Period which aim to develop good societal, emoti onal acquisition competences in pupils, will besides increase the load for get downing instructors who have to larn and rapidly accommodate to the new policies.The present coevals of pupils is more facile and educated as their attitudes and worldviews have been shaped by the frugal prosperity and cyberspace revolution over the old ages ( Derfel, 2011 ) . The stable economic environment has caused them to be less afraid of alteration, while the easiness of information visible(prenominal) on the cyberspace has made them more expressive in their positions. Students may be less fearful of authorization and go rebellious. Most get downing instructors will happen it a challenge in pull offing them and will hold to gain their regard from pupils by puting good illustrations, listening and discussion them every bit, irrespective of their genders, races and categories ( Whitney, 2000 ) . Appropriate and just penalties should be given out to pupils where necessary. In most instances, blue p upils, normally boys, acquire more attending by their instructors ( Brophy and Good, 1970 ) . However, get downing instructors should besides larn non to pretermit praising the well behaved pupils for their model behavior. This ensures every pupil receives equal intervention and is able to distinguish between good and bad behavior in category.Classroom diverseness can besides present serious challenges for get downing instructors, particularly since it involves associating to groups of pupils who may hold differing point of views, backgrounds and dispositions ( Holmes Group, 1986 ) . A survey by Goddard and Foster ( 2001 ) revealed that while get downing instructors may hold baronial aspirations to efficaciously learn a alter category of scholars, they are incognizant of the existent universe demands on their patterns. Get downing instructors are often in for a reality daze as pupils tend to joint out changing positions or experiences. Teaching pupils to be empathic, sensitive and accepting of one another s sentiment is polar during CCE lesson. This allows pupils to be more engaged in national issues through active flow of advanced and enriching ideas, and do them esteem the cultural diverseness. In add-on, get downing instructors may meet pupils who come from hapless household backgrounds without proper rearing support. They have to give more supervising to these pupils so that they will non experience ignored and go a threat to society.As parents play an progressively impactful function on the educational lives of their kids, a productive relationship with them will heighten the instructor s abilities to develop good character and citizenship values in their pupils ( Fleming, 1993 ) . As Henderson and Berla ( 1997 ) wrote, when teacher-parent ties are close, pupils non merely profit in school but besides throughout life. Ironically, interrogation shows that many get downing instructors fail to understand the demand to set up such relationships as they vie w parental engagement non built-in to their instruction and pupil s acquisition ( Canter & A Canter, 1991 ) . This position among novice instructors has to be changed as parental engagement brings positive impacts on the kid s holistic accomplishments ( Epstein, 1995 ) . Get downing instructors are frequently challenged when they have to cover with ill-disciplined pupils. By join forcesing with concerted parents, instructors will be able to promote good behaviour in the pupils both in school and at place. If parents are unreasonable and demanding yet differing with the handling of their kid s behaviour, it will further muffle the instructor s attempts in edifice good character in the pupil.It is besides important for instructors to actively seek interactions with parents and keep good relationships with them ( Howe & A Simmons, 1993 ) . However, many get downing instructors are missing these accomplishments to advance such bipartisan communications between parents and the school ( Shartrand, Weiss, Kreider, & A Lopez, 1997 ) . Communication is indispensable as it facilitates respiration of critical information on pupil s attitude in school to their parents. Concerned parents will mind the advice from instructors and pay more attending to their kid if needed, while casual 1s will merely make more duties for the instructors. With effectual communicating between both parties, the pupil s character growing and development can so be closely monitored.In decision, get downing instructors have to lift up to the challenges when they take on the duties of developing character and citizenship values in pupils. To get the better of such troubles, they have to be adapted with new educational policy alterations through undergoing professional development developing invariably to get the necessity accomplishments to construct good character in pupils. In order to derive the regard from pupils, get downing instructors have to keep an ethical image within the profession and put good illustrations for their pupils while handling them every bit irrespective of their cultural diverseness. Looking in front, get downing instructors should besides take a leap forward and start working closely with parents and the community to raising and develop these values in the pupils. Through partnerships with diverse stakeholders, pupils will be more open to good cultural and social values, doing them better citizens for the hereafter.

Chronic Sorrow

Living with Chronic Sorrow The middle range theory of chronic mourning theory was researched in the 1980s authorise parents feelings over the waiver of not having the perfect child and having a child with a disability. Chronic herb of grace provided a framework for understand the reactions of individuals to various bolshie situations and offered a way to view the experience of bereavement. Involvement in an experience of a signifi good dealt red ink is the necessary antecedent to the development of chronic trouble (Peterson & Bredow, 2009). The deprivation w photographethorn have-to doe with individuals and family members at any fourth dimension. Chronic sorrow may come to any of us during our livenesstime.Chronic sorrow elicit best be described as a born(p) response to a tragic situation. Where life experiences cause deep distress, sadness, or wo especially for the red ink of someone or something love ( Gor founder, 2009 ). Chronic sorrow is followed by a permanent departure of a individualal attachment that may be current with a sadness of such intensity that it recurs for the lifetime of the mortal. Mental pain, woe and despair squeeze out all occur from chronic sorrow regardless if the loss is caused by injury, trauma or by death ( Alligood, & Tomey,(2010). Washington Irving says it best, There is a sacredness in tears.They are not the mark of weakness, moreover of power. They speak more eloquently than ten thousand tongues. They are messengers of over whelming grief and unspeakable love. The rational for choosing the middle range theory of chronic sorrow was because this theory was easy to identify with. From losing a home to a natural disaster, a job, and even in death of family members, fri quits and numerous pets this theory really hit home from mortalnel experiences. Possible Antecedents, Defining Attri butes and Consequences Lets start but trying to understand the antecedents of chronic sorrow and how they relate to ach op posite and affect each of us as individuals. This may support to understand how strongly emotions control and play an important part in our anyday lives. The antecedents that go a immense with chronic sorrow are loss and grief. They are experienced periodically by individuals of all ages by means of their life time. Whether in the death of a family member, friend or pet, losing a home and all worldly possessions or losing a functioning body part. To be able to get finished these powerful feelings and emotions house be very difficult and even more difficult for others to understand (Peterson & Bredow, 2009).People all over the world are forced to deal with this daily, but until it happens to you, do you truly depart to understand the impact this has on ones own life. Every one of us give have to deal with loss at some time in our life. A loss can be described as a pervasive psychic pain and sadness, stimulated by certain trigger events, which follows loss of a relationship of an attachment (Teel,1991, pg. 1316). Losses come in some forms both large and small, such as loss of a job, a home, a way of life, a relationship, or loss of a significant other, spouse, family member or even a pet.The perception of the event, the situational supports, and the lintel mechanisms all influence return of equilibrium or homeostasis. A person either advances or regresses as a result of the crisis, depending upon how the person manages the crisis (Potter & Perry, 2009). Experiencing a loss can trigger the grief process. Everyone is different and comes to terms with loss in different ways, so it is difficult to say how long a persons process may lot. Losses that are smaller and have less of an impact on citizenrys lives will accept a much shorter time to steadiness emotionally than more significant losses (Foust, 2006).Some wad deal with the loss a day at a time, heretofore for some people it may be an hour at a time. As long as the person is not denying the loss, t hey are operative through it. Action orient is an internal management for coping with a loss. This includes continuing to be involved in interests, hobbies, activities, talking with friends, professionals and even joining a support group (Peterson and Bredow,2009). doomed your job, your home, a loved one, or a beloved pet? There are some forms of loss, and all are felt individually on a very personal level (Foust, 2006). A loss is losing or being deprived of something you once had.Any loss can have a complicated effect on your life. Loss can happen at any time day or night and does not need a reason. A consequence of a loss can stop you from socializing, cause you to have lack of interests, and take you emotionally away from those who love you. A loss can impact your job, your home, your finances, and your relationships. This is a real emotion that people or so the world experience daily. Coping with loss and grief can be challenging in many ways (Teel. 1991). A loss may be fel t physically and emotionally, give care something is missing. A feeling of worry and emptiness may be felt deep inside.Two types of losses most relevant to depressive symptoms are related to self, goal attainment, and loss of financial resources (Van Horn & Mischel, 2008). One may begin to suffer physical symptoms such as headaches, gastrointestinal upset, anxiety, sleeplessness, or anorexia. Emotionally you may feel tired, lack the ability to care about what is going on around you, sleep too much or too little, over eat or under eat, and neglect yourself and those around you. These are all feelings and emotions a person may experience in grief. Loss is an experience caused by changes and recognizing these changes are important in dentify feelings and most importantly, by allowing individuals to feel and express themselves begins the improve process (Love, 2007). Grief comes in many shapes and sizes. There is no one size fits all for the grieve process. Grief is the series of emot ions that a person goes through after a loss. Grief may involve feelings of sadness, anger, guilt, shame, relief, jealousy, hopelessness and powerlessness ( Love, 2007). many an(prenominal) people allow for grief after the passing of a loved one, but many of todays views tend to ignore the grief that can follow other kinds of losses.As a result, people find themselves out of the blue alone dealing with the sorrow, anger and other emotions associated with grief at various times in their life. Confused and even ashamed, they may attempt to hide or avoid these emotions, pushing them inward rather than letting them out. This may cause destructive and devastating repercussions which can follow. Yet all of this can be avoided, if people recognize that there are all kinds of grief (Castledine,2002). Learning to deal with the loss and cope with ones misfortunes is where grief comes in. So, how long is the grieving process?Basically, a person grieves as long as it takes to come to terms wi th their loss and the impact that it has had on their life (Foust, 2006). The obvious time for grieving is after the death of a loved one. Many people experience this firstborn with grandparents and parents, as well as aunts, uncles and family pets. Some people may suffer the difficult loss of siblings or spouses and still others may experience the tragic loss of a child. There is no way to legal community grief, and no instrument or scale to measure for sorrow. Each person grieves these losses uniquely and differently. When a death of a loved one occurs those left(p) ehind are often allowed time and space for grieving and usually supported by family and friends (Burglass, 2010). But what happens when someone loses a beloved pet? Or when a family loses a home? Or better yet the loss of a functioning body part, example hearing, perceive or loss of limb? These too are times of great loss. Unfortunately, they are seldom recognized as such and because of this the grieving are left a lone to work through emotions that are many times misunderstood by those around them (Castledine, 2002). Coworkers, friends or even spouses can find it hard to understand ones grief and even find it difficult to go alongle.A person must grieve in order to be restored and move forward. The suffering of dazed confusion, distress and unrelenting despair will generally ease with time (Love, 2007). At home, whenever you are alone, dont push or force yourself to do anything. Relax and do what comes naturally. Many cultures do not encourage people to grieve openly. Crying and other ways of expressing distress can be seen as signs of weakness. Crying can actually help relieve stress, so cry, take a bath or watch television (Gipson, 2009). Do whatever makes you feel comfortable and helps you uncompress. Management forms of grief can be in the form of faith, istractions, like work, hobbies, and honoring your loss through ritual is important in overcoming the loss. There are many ways to go through the grieving process, regardless of how one grieves, grief is slender in the healing process (Potter & Perry, pg. 496). Any loss can warrant grief. Grief is a normal reaction to loss and is not usually associated with long term negative consequences. Grief is a natural psychological and sometimes physical response to loss or change. Though death is most normally associated with grieving, many other life changes can have the same result (911, Oklahoma City bombing).Losing a job (being laid off after working several years for the same company), losing a home (natural disaster, fire, tornado or even hurricane), having children leave home ( go away to college, phalanx service, get married), retiring, divorce, declaring loser (loss of financial resources) a breakup, even moving can all create a sense of real loss and grief (Love, 2007). Grieving is a natural and healthy reaction to all losses. The five stages of grief denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance are a ll natural feelings when one experiences a significant loss.These can likewise be overlapped with shock, yearning and protest, despair, and recovery (Buglass, 2010). Grieving helps people understanding what has occurred and how to adapt to a new set of circumstances in their life. What makes the grieving process so challenging, is that many of the emotions we experience are painful and most people do not want to feel painful emotions. Another challenging piece is that many people are not prepared for the variety of emotions that occur. Most people expect to feel sad, but may not expect to feel angry, anxious, hopeless, terrified, confused, frustrated, lonely, and so on.The emotions felt do not occur in any predictable pattern and many people often tend to cycle through them end-to-end the grieving process (Drench, 2004). Grief is something that cannot be fixed and one cannot take a pill to make the grief go away. A person needfully to experience the loss and all the negative emot ions that result in order to accept the loss. Grief cannot be medicated with pills or alcohol. In fact, individuals that do attempt to take medication are using their own form of denial which usually lengthens the process and may even add a drug or alcohol addiction problem on top of their grief.The good news is that there are things that people can do to help cope and work through the grief process (Potter and Perry, pg. 496). These are a few examples people may use to help work through the grieving process. Take care of yourself by getting rest, eating regularly and maintain a regular routine. This can be challenging during the early process, but is essential with recovery (Potter & Perry, pg. 496). sustenance systems of family, friends and colleagues who will listen, offer advice and provide emotional support can benefit you. Talk about your loss helps get your thoughts and feelings ut. diarying is also a helpful to get your thoughts out. In a private journal or diary people a re able to express their emotions and vent their feelings honestly without hurting anyone or without concern for how they may appear to others (Potter & Perry, pg. 496). Time management techniques include developing a list of tasks that are felt to be important and need to be accomplished. Perform the tasks at the top of the list that require immediate attention, those that are not as important can be delayed (Potter & Perry, pg. 497). Guided imagery and visualization can help with balance.Gather pictures and other things that remind you of your loss, person, pet, house or phase of your life you have lost. Try talking with family and friends about your memories. Funniest, worst, happiest, anything you share will help with adjusting to the loss. Play music that reminds you of your loss. Music is a powerful memory that can make you feel good or is comforting to you (Potter & Perry, pg. 497). Progressive muscle relaxation may help with physiological tension. Exercise, fresh air, Sunsh ine, visiting with friends may all help. Deep breathing exercises may help reduce stress nd relax muscles (Potter & Perry, pg. 497). Have a friend share in an activity that may have been your activity with what or whom you lost. An example would be if you went to breakfast every forenoon at McDonalds, it can make you sad and upset to think about going back there. Sharing the activity with a friend will not replace your loss, but may help establish a new routine for you. That is what grieving is about, facing and dealing with your new circumstances rather than avoiding them (Gipson, 2009). Many of these suggestions are easy things to do. What is not easy is managing negative motions. The grieving process does take time, but you can get through the loss and grief by dealing with your emotions one day at a time. None of these suggestions will take grief away, but may help to manage feelings and emotions that are experienced. Managing ones feelings can assist in feeling like the person is taking an active role again in their life. If the feelings a person experiences becomes overwhelming or importantly interferes with their life (cant go to work, feeling suicidal, panic attacks, difficulty in carrying out every day routines, etc. ). This person ould likely benefit from seeing a therapist that can assist them with the grieving process and help them with acceptance and recovery (Buglass, 2010). Grieving can be difficult and a person does not have to go through this alone (Gipson, 2009). Case Study Three young men, brad, Tom and microphone return home from active military duty with the loss of a lower leg while fighting for our country. Each man experiences their loss differently and uniquely. The first, Brad, is supported by his wife, parents, two children and many other family members and friends. Brads leg has healed and a effective diverse type of prosthesis has been itted to his lower leg. After many months of rehabilitation Brad is able to walk again with the use of his new prosthesis. The prosthesis fits well with no disrobe irritations. Brad is able to enjoy many of the things he did preliminary to losing the leg (fishing, dancing, playing ball with his child). Brad is a very spiritual man and with the help of his wife, parents, family and friends he has been able to accept his loss and move forward. The shade of life Brad once new has slowly returned to an almost normal state. Although Brad does miss the loss of is leg he has adjusted to his new life and faces daily challenges as they come.The second, Tom, is also supported by his wife, parents, one child and many friends and family. The leg due to infection took longer than Tom expected to heal delaying his recovery time. Tom had a useful diverse type prosthesis fitted to his lower leg. Tom attended many more months of rehabilitation than Brad, do to skin integrity problems. Skin issues have disrupted the daily use of the prosthesis interfering with Toms independence and lifestyl e. Tom has had difficulty at first adjusting to his new lifestyle. Everyday tasks have been very challenging for Tom at times. Toms wife, parents, family and friends have een very supportive to Tom every step of the way. A unlike controlled wheel guide is available for Tom on the days he is unable to wear his prosthesis. Tom has learned to do many tricks with his wheel chair and has joined a wheel chair basketball team because he likes showing off. Toms acceptance and recovery was a lot slower, but in the end he was able to adjust to his new lifestyle. The third, Mike, is supported by his wife, parents, family and friends. Mike was diagnosed with Diabetes after returning home from active duty. Mikes leg had a hard time healing due to infection and adjustment to having Diabetes.Mike did not like having Diabetes and would refuse to eat the right foods. Mikes blood sugar was out of control because of his refusal to take medication prescribed and frequently drinking. These actions wer e responsible for causing skin integrity problems. After a long, hard, trying year, the leg finally healed. Mike was fitted with a useful diverse type prosthesis. Skin issues continued to be a problem because of Mikes Diabetes and his refusal to eat healthy and take his medication properly. The prosthesis was painful and awkward for Mike to use. Just looking at the prosthesis filled Mike with such an incredible loss.Mike was angry with everyone that tried to help him. He sat day after day in a wheelchair drinking beer. Mike refused to take a bath, shave, eat, or go anywhere he might be seen by people that knew him. Mike would stay for days at a time in bed and refuse to get up. Counseling was verbally rejected every time counseling was brought up by anyone. Mikes doctor placed him on depression medication which he refused to take on a regular basis. Mikes friends halt dropping by to see him. Mikes wife was having difficulties dealing with Mikes drinking and verbal abuse. She would argue with Mike till she cried and could no onger take Mikes drinking and feeling grimy for himself. His parents tried being very supportive, but also found Mike really difficult to deal with. Mike continued to drink and blamed everyone for the loss of his leg. Mike refused to accept the loss or move forward. Mikes wife finally after two years had all the verbal abuse she could handle and left him. Mike ended up moving back home and living with his parents. He still is unable to wear the prosthesis and to this day rarely leaves his parents home. As a nurse working with individuals, families and patients we need to be able to recognize hese individuals that are suffering. By listening to what the person is saying and their body language should be triggers for nurses if this is a person wanting, needing or requiring some kid of outside assistance. Chronic sorrow is characterized as pervasive, permanent, periodic sadness or other grief- related feelings associated with ongoing dispari ty resulting from a loss experience (Lindgren, Burke, Hainesworth, & Eakes,1992). The concept of chronic sorrow as you have read may go hand in hand with the antecedents grief and loss. For a person to experience one, they can experience the other.Even though the loss may have been for seen or was totally unexpected, a person does not always overcome the loss or grief over night. For some people this may take days, weeks or even years. Then for others like Mike, they may be so devastated over the loss with grief that the loss is unbearable. They never overcome the loss and live with chronic sorrow. Reference Alligood, M. R. , & Tomey, A. M. (2010). breast feeding Theorists and Their lap (7th ed. ). Maryland Heights, Missouri Mosby Elsevier Inc. Bickerstaff, K. A. , Grasser, C. M. , and McCabe, B. (2007). How elderly nursing home residents transcend losses of later life.Holistic Nursing Practice May/June 159-166 Bui, K. M. , Raugi, G. J. , Nguyen, V. Q. , & Reiher, G. E. , (2009). S kin problems in individuals with lower-limb loss Literature review and proposed classification system. Journal of Rehabilitation investigate & Development 46(11)1085-1090 Retrieved September 22, 2011, from http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/ breaker point? vid=12&hid=17&sid=fb4631bd-e30d-4d04-86b9-9daef0a7f731%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3 ddb=rzh&AN=2010582711 Castledine, G. ,(2002). Recognizing problems of loss in patients. Britsh Journal of Nursing Retrieved September 5, 2011, from http//ezproxy. ardner webb. edu/login? url=http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&d b=c8h&AN=2009019179&site=ehost-live. Chan, C. , NG, S. , HO, R. , & Chow, A. , (2006). East meets West applying Eastern church property in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing 15(7) 822-832 Retrieved September 18, 2011, from http//ezproxy. snu. edu2056/ehost/detail? vid=6&hid=8&sid=82932029-8cc8- 434b-afd5-63517ab0000e%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ %3d%3 ddb=rzh& AN=2009258194 Clements, P. T , Benasutti, K. M. , & Carmone, A. , (2003). Support of Bereaved owners of pets.Perspectives in Psychiatric alimony 39(2), 49-54 Retrieved September 18, 2011, from http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=20&hid=127&sid=1346ad7f-572a-4072-b160- a0ba9b0916e1%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb= rzh&AN=2003162539 Curtis, R. C. , (2010). Social worker practitioners and the human-companion wight bond a national study. Social Work 55(1), 38-46 Retrieved September 18, 2011, from http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=19&hid=127&sid=1346ad7f-572a -4072-b160-a0ba9b0916e1%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ 3d%3ddb=rzh&AN=2010505488 Dickson, A. , Knussen, C. , & Flowers, P. (2007). That was my old life its almost like a past- life now Identity crisis, loss and adjustment amongst people living with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychology and Health 23(4), 459-476. Dougherty, P. J. , McFarland, L. V. , Smith, D. G. , Esquenazi, A. , Blake, D. J. , & Reiber, G. E. (2010). Multiple traumatic limb loss A comparison of Vietnam veterans to OIF/OEF service members. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development 47(4), 333-348 Drench, M. E. 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Loss of resources and hurricane experience as predictors of postpartum depression among women in southern Louisiana. Journal of Womens Health 19(5), 877-884 Epstein, R.A. , Heinemann, A. W. , and McFarland, L. V. ,(2010). fictional character of life for veterans and servicemembers with major traumatic limb loss from Vietnam and OIF/OEF conflicts. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development 47(4), 373-386. Retrieved September 18, 2011, from http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=22&hid=127&sid=1346ad7f-572a- 4072- b160-a0ba9b0916e1%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2 ZQ%3d%3dd b=rzh&AN=2010714399 Foust, J. , (2006). Re Grief sorrow loss and morning Online forum comment.Retrieved September 5, 2011, from http//theraphyinphiladelphia. com/selfhelp/tips/C86/ Gailey, R. , McFarland, L. V. , Cooper, R. A. , Czerniecki, J. , Gambel, J. M. , Hubbard, S. , Maynard, C. , Smith, D. G. , Raya, M. , & Reiber, G. E. (2010). Unilateral lower-limb loss Prosthetic device use and functional outcomes in servicemembers from Vietnam war and OIF/OEF conflicts. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development 47(11) 317-332 Gipson, J. , (2009) Living with loss. Mental Health Practice 12(5), 22-24.Retrieved September 18, 2011, from http//ezproxy. snu. edu2056/ehost/detail? vid=7&hid=8&sid=82932029- 8cc8-434b-afd5-63517ab0000e%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3Q tbGl2ZQ%3d %3ddb=rzh&AN=2010193668 Gordan, J. , (2009). An evidence-based approach for supporting parents experiencing chronic sorrow. Retrieved september 5, 2011, from http//ezproxy. snu. edu2056/ehost/pdfviewer /pdfviewer? sid=69ff5835-74c8-43e1-bffd-3252bfa3a859%40sessionmgr 111&vid=41&hid=126 Hamilton, M. , (2005). Grief and bereavement coping with loss of a spouse.Journal of Nursing and Residential Care 7(5), 214-216 Retrieved September 22,2011, from http//ezproxy. s nu. edu2056/ehost/detail? vid=6&hid=8&sid=82932029-8cc8-434b-afd5- 63517ab0000e%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb =rzh&AN=2005101521 Kratza, A. , Williams, R. , Turner, A. , Raichle, K. , Smith, D. , & Ehde, D. (2010). To lump or to split? Comparing individuals with traumatic and nontraumatic limb loss in the first year after amputation. Rehabilitation Psychology 55(2), 126-138. Retrieved September 22,2011, from http//web. bscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=fb4631bd-e30d- 4d04-86b9- 9daef0a7f731%40sessionmgr104&vid=13&hid=17 Lees, J. , (2008). A spiritual perspective on loss and bereavement. International Journal for Human Caring 12(2), 90-94. Love, A. W. , (2007). Progress in understanding grief complicated grief, and caring for the bereaved, Contemporary Nurse 27, 73-83. Mak, M. K. Y. , Yang, F. , & Pai, Y. , (2011). Limb collapse, rather than instability, causes failure in sit-to-stand doing among patients with Parkinson disease.American Physical Ther apy Association 91(3), 381-391. Retrieved September 18, 2011, from Peterson, S. J. & Bredow, T. S. ,( 2009). Middle Range Theories Application to Nursing Reasearch (2nd ed. ). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Wolters Kluwer Lippincott & Wilkins Potter, P. A. & Perry, A. G. , (2009). Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed. ). St. Louis, Missouri Mosby Elsevier Inc. Risley-Curtis, C. , (2010). Social work practitioners and the human-companion animal bond a national study. Social Work 55(1), 38-48.Retrieved September 18, 2011, from http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? sid=0d5bc274-2c67-4cb4-8eca- 959ee2d730dd%40sessionmgr12&vid=1&hid=17&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3 QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=rzh&AN=2010505488 Scaletti, R. , & Hocking, C. , (2010). Healing through floor telling an integrated approach for children experiencing grief and loss. 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Medicine: Portfolio Tasks Essay

Portfolio Task Module 1Effective oeuvre skills be the sole foundation of a sound education.Study skills or encounter strategies argon approaches applied to learning. They are gener solelyy critical to success in school, con placementred essential for getting good grades, and serviceable for learning throughout ones life.Study skills are fundamental to academic competence. Effective study skills are associated with positive outcomes across multiple academic content areas and for diverse learners. Study skills improve the competences associated with acquiring recording, organizing, remembering and using information. These skills also contribute to success in both(prenominal) employment and non academic settings. perusing is often an individual activity and what industrial seet for one student with regards to study whitethorn non work for slightlyone else. Self regulation is an important aspect of study skills. Having the ability to goal set, work towards deadlines and w are persistence in the subject the student is studying get out facilitate achieve success. In military force good studiers are good strategy users, they know how to use a variety of goal limitedized tactics, to execute them in a planned requence and monitor their use.A sufficient amount of time necessitate to be dedicated to studying to achieve the best outcome. Effective study skills may also help with issues such as confidence and organisational skills which are used in every day activities some students watch notes whilst they are reading to help them beneathstand what they are reading. Others students may wish to think or so as it helps students to understand and retain information. Many students find that by repeating information they retain it. there is little(a) doubt that no deuce volume study the same way, and it is a ripe certainty that what works for one individual may not work for another. The consequents of poor study skills are wasted time, frustration, and pocket-size or failing grades. Its your life, your time, and your future. Effective study skills must be practiced in beau monde for you to improve. It is not enough to simply think about studying you turn out to actually do it, and in the process use information from what you do to get better.http//www.wikihow.com/Improve-Your-Study-Skillshttp//psychcentral.com/lib/ go across-10- virtually-effective-study-habits/000599 http//www.adprima.com/studyout.htmhttp//www.palgrave.com/skills4study/studyskills/learning/effective.asp http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_skillsPortfolio Task Module 2 soon describe the importance of the interaction between the respiratory and cardiovascular outlines in chief(prenominal)taining the body s national balance.When you breathe in air through your mouth and nose it travels to your lungs. Oxygen from the air is negligent into your melodic linestream through your lungs. Your rawness then pumps atomic number 8-rich (oxygenated) kindred through a ne bothrk of gunstock vessels (arteries) to create from raw materials including your organs, muscles and nerves, all around your body. When line of products reaches the capillaries in your tissues it releases oxygen, which cells use to function. Cells release waste products, such as ampere-second dioxide and water, which your job absorbs and carries away. The used (deoxygenated) pitch then travels through your mineral veins and back towards your ticker. Your nubble pumps the deoxygenated blood back to your lungs, where it absorbs fresh oxygen, releases the cytosine dioxide and the cycle starts again. The primary function of the respiratory placement is to supply the blood with oxygen in social club for the blood to deliver oxygen to all split of the body. The respiratory g all overning body does this through breathing. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale ascorbic vinegarish dioxide.This exchange of gases is the respiratory systems means of getting oxygen to the blood. ventilating system is achieved through the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The oxygen then passes through the voice box (where speech sounds are produced) and the trachea which is a tube that enters the chest cavity. In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two elflikeer tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then apportions again forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into numerous smaller tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. The average adults lungs contain about 600 cardinal of these spongy, air-filled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli andthen diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale. The diaphragms job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs.The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place. When the diaphragm contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs. The cardiovascular system is part of the larger circulatory system, which circulates fluids throughout the body. The circulatory system admits both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. The cardiovascular system moves blood throughout the body, and the lymphatic system moves lymph, which is a clear fluid thats similar to the plasm in blood. telephone line contains nutrients from the foods you eat and oxygen from the air you breathe. It also contains hormones and cells that fight transmission. The blood also transports waste products to various places that then promptly overthr ow the waste from the body. The parts of the cardiovascular system include the heart, which is the organ that pumps the blood, and a network of blood vesselsArteries The blood vessels that take blood away from the heart Veins Blood vessels that return blood to the heartCapillaries Very small vessels that lie between the arteries and veins The portal vein and its tributaries carry blood from parts of the digestive system to the liver before reaching the heart. The heart is a muscular pump with quadruple chambers inside the accountability and left atria and the right and left heart ventricles.Those four chambers allow the heart to pump blood through the following two circulatory pathways general circulation Takes oxygen-rich blood to the tissues and organs of the body Pulmonary circulation Takes oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood back to the heart again.1. The left ventricle of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium.2. Blood is ejected from t he left ventricle into the aorta, a large artery. The ascending aorta sends blood to the upper thorax, upper extremities, neck, and head. The descending aorta sends blood to the rase thorax, the abdomen, the pelvis, and the lower extremities.3. The blood leaves the ascending and descending parts of the aorta and enters a networkof systemic arteries that run to all places of the body.4. Blood passes from the smallest arteries (called arterioles) into the capillary beds. In the capillary beds, blood exchanges oxygen, nutrients, and waste products with the tissues.5. The oxygen-poor blood leaves the capillary beds via small veins (called venules) and drains into a network of systemic veins that eventually lead to the venae cavae (either of the two large veins leading into the heart). The superior vena cava receives blood from the upper thorax, head, neck, and upper extremities. The inferior vena cava receives blood from the lower thorax, the abdomen, the pelvis, and the lower extremit ies.6. The venae cavae empty the oxygen-poor blood into the right atrium of the heart. After systemic circulation, the blood in the right atrium is depleted of oxygen, so it needs to go to the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.The pathway from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart is called pulmonary circulation, and it takes the following path1. The right ventricle receives the oxygen-depleted blood from the right atrium.2. The blood leaves the right ventricle and enters the pulmonary trunk, which splits into two pulmonary arteries.3. The pulmonary arteries lead to the lungs, where exchange of gases takes place. Carbon dioxide is removed from the blood, and oxygen enters the blood.4. Blood leaves the lungs via the pulmonary veins.The pulmonary veins carry freshly oxygenated blood to the heart while the systemic veins carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart.5. The oxygenated blood enters the left atrium of the heart. The blood in the left atrium moves into the left ven tricle and enters the systemic circulation.http//www.fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/respiration.htmlhttp//www.mayoclinic.com/health/circulatory-system/MM00636http//www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-is-the-cardiovascular-system.htmlPortfolio Task Module 3When you ask a patient to plantar crouch a prat, what changes occur deep down the muscles involved?Plantar crease is the consummation which increases the approximate 90 grad angle between the front part of the stand and the shin, as when depressing an automobile pedal or standing on the tip toes. The movement in the oppositedirection is dorsifexion, where the dorsal part (top) of the foot is moved in a manner towards the tibia. It ocurs at the ankle. The range of motion for planter flexion is unremarkably indicated in the lterature as 30 to 40 degree, but sometimes also 50 degree. The nerves are primarily from the sacral spinal cord roots S1 and S2. Compression of S1 roots may result in weakness in plantar flexion. These nerve s run from the lower back to the bottom of the foot. Plantar flexion is the movement of the foot away from the body by bending the ankle.The joints in the ankle are super involved in plantar flexion.Ankle movement is made possible by the meeting of one-third grind aways tibia (shinbone or leg), fibula (the small bone in leg) and the talus (a large bone in foot). The end of tibiaconstitutes the inner postion of the ankle, wheareas the outer por in additionn of the ankle is formed by fibula. The ony bulges on either side of toe ankle are called malleoli which aid is stability of the ankle, joints while standing or walking.Primary muscles for plantar flexion arePosterior compartment of legSuperficialGastrocnemiusSoleusPlantaris (only weak participation)Deepflexor hallucis longusFlexor digitorum longusTibialis cornerstoneLateral compartment of leg (only weak participation)Fibularis longusFibularis brevishttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlantarflexionFlexion_and_extension_of_the_footPortf olio Task Module 4A patient comes in with a hot inflamed toe, how does the circulatory system contribute to this process?When sack occurs in the toes it burn down be caused by a number of conditions, such as gout, rheumatoid arthritis, bunions, bursitis, or ingrown toenails. Toe inflammation is typically a protective measure that the body takes in chemical reaction to daub or the presence of bacteria. This is generally a normal occurrence and it is a part of the raw(a) way that the body heals. It may also be in enlightenly triggered by certain conditions or diseases. Gout, which is a type of arthritic condition, is one of the more common causes of toeinflammation. Symptoms of gout often affect the big toe, in which case it may be referred to as podagra. The inflammation is a result of excess uric acid building up in the toe joint. irritation that is caused by gout is often seen in people who are everyplaceweight, diabetic, havekidney disease, or that are taking certain medicat ions. Toe inflammation may also be caused by the auto tolerant disease known as rheumatoid arthritis.For people with this condition, their bodys immune system attacks tissue that is healthy as opposed to responding to defacement or bacteria. When this occurs at the toe joints, the result is inflammation. Eventually this will cause other toe problems that scum bag lead to changes that affect a persons ability to walk and wear most types of shoes. Inflammation is at the root of the most drab legs that occur after infection and injury. But while the course of molecular events leading to microbial infection of the inflammatory condition called sepsis is fairly well understood, is much less clear how and why physical injury can result in an inflammatory response similar insidious. The process of acute inflammation is initiated by cells already present in all tissues, mainly resident macrophages, dendritic cells, histiocytes, Kupffer cells and mast cells.At the onset of infection, b urn down or other injury, these cells are activated and release inflammatory mediators responsible for clinical signs of inflammation. Vasodilation and increased blood flow resulting causes redness ( excoriateor) and heat gain (heat), increased permeability of blood vessels produce an exudation (output) of plasm proteins and fluid in the tissues (edema), which manifests as a swelling (tumor). Some of the released mediators such as bradykinin increased annoying sensitivity (hyperalgesia, pain in the ass). Mediator molecules also alters the blood vessels to allow migration of leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, outside the blood vessels (extravasation) in the tissue.Neutrophils emigrate along a chemotactic gradient created by local cells to reach the site of injury. The loss of function (functio Laesa) is likely the result of a neurological reflex in response to pain. In addition to cell-derived mediators, several noncellular biochemical cascade systems is preformed plasma protein s act in parallel to initiate and propagate the inflammatory response. These include the complement system activated by the bacteria, and the systems of coagulation and fibrinolysis activated by necrosis, such as a burn or trauma.Human tissues respond to trauma by a complex series of events that have yet to be fully understood. This trauma may be mechanical, thermal, photo or chemical, or brought about through allergic or autoimmune events. If blood vessels have been injured, damaged platelets will activate the clotting cascade. Damaged tissues will release chemical messengers, which start the inflammatory process. In health, sequential phases of proliferation, maturation and locating of the damaged tissue follow inflammation. Blood cells and platlets, the immune system and nerves, chemical transmitters, and tissue cells such as macrophages are among the tissues and systems involved in inflammation. The molecular and cellular events during inflammation flow into and overlap with o ne with the other. Initially, neutrophils arrive, followed by macrophages, lymphocites and then fibroblasts, which lay down collagen. Epithelial cells migrate on from wound edges over the newly place down dermis and healing is complete. Healing by first intention will close over 2 5 days a wound healing by second intention will take longer, the time taken depending on the tissue area that needs to be filled in and covered. The predominance and sequence of mediator release will allow different types of inflammatory response to occur.The definitive and clinical features of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling and pain loss of function is sometimes included in this list. These features are brought about through chemical/inflammatory mediators released from damaged tissues. The main effects of these mediators are on the blood supply, causing vasodilation (redness and heat) and increased blood vessel permeability that allow plasma proteins and immunoglobulins to pass intimately i nto the tissues. Pressure or nerve endings from theinterstitial fluid and the effect of some inflammatory mediators such as substance P and prostaglandins cause pain.Hot inflamed toe it is energy be acute or chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation is the initial response of the body to harmful stimuli and is by the increaced movement of plasma and leukocytes from the blood into the injured tissues. A coscade of biochemical events propagates and matures the inflammatory response, involving the local vascular system, the immune system, and various cells within the injured tissue.Chronic inflammation leads to a progressive shift in the type of cells present at the site of inflammation and is characterized by simultaneous destruction and healing of the tissue from the inflammatory process.The respiratory system gets the oxygen it needs and the circulatory system bring the oxygen along with many other products in the blood to the toe. The digestive system helps obtain nutrients for the toe which the blood brings as part of the circulatory system.http//lyceum.algonquincollege.com/lts/AandPResources/videos/2-4_Inflammatory.html http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttp//www.researchomatic.com/essay/Role-Of-Circulatory-System-Inflammatory-Response-56305.aspx http//www.wisegeek.com/what-causes-toe-inflammation.htmPortfolio task Module 5Discuss the possible presenting symptoms after a touchy disaster on the leg in the area behind the knee.A hard knock on the leg to the area behind the knee would certainly be painful. A hard knock to the posterior of the knee could cause many symptoms, depending on the severity of the hit and how long ago it occured. The knee could be swollen or bruiced. Range of motion may be less, or painful. The person may catch or be unable to fear weight. The kneecap could be displaced. The patient will likely give up of moderate to severe pain. Because the knee is not meant to be hyper-extended, the person should go to an ER for X-ray or o ther imaging. Might be the inability to properly bend orstraighten the knee. Elevate the leg. understudy between warm moist heat and ice. To help keep the swelling is check, use an ace spot to supportthe knee. Dont wrap so tightly that it causes indentantion in the skin.Area behind the knee called the popliteal forsa. The nerves most important nerve travelling throught this area is the popliteal nerve that travels to the lower leg and foot and allowing both sensation and motor strength. Injury to the popliteal nerve can cause numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the lower leg, ankle and foot.Vascular injury could cause a bleed from either popliteal artery or vein causing a hematoma or blood pool that could causesignificant pain in the area. The main types of injury could include downlike tissue, muscle, nerve and artery/vein , ligaments and menesci. A skin and soft tissue injury could include a mild contusion with some redness or brusing. Serathes may occur. If thither is a deeper penetration and not appropriate would care, an infection could form causing a skin and soft tissue infection known as a cellulitis.Injury to the muscle could include a pull in of the plantaris muscle which travels throught the area of the popliteal fossa. tear of this muscle will not result in too much deformity or motor deficits, but can cause significant pain.The hamstrings insert near the region of the popliteal fossa and could be affected as well causing pain, but unlikely deformity or decreased range of motion. Damage to the ligaments can result in severe pain and disability. The posterior cruciate ligament and the lateral ligaments the medial collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament commonly occur with injury during sports and can cause severe disabling pain and motor dysfunction. These are the main ligaments that allow for bland motion during knee flexion and extension and a tear which occurs commonly often requires invasive surgical repair.Finally t he menisci which are cartilaginous structures found inside the knee joint that allow for smooth movement of the bones in the leg. A meniscal tear can occur in a sportsaccident as above with the ligamentous injuries and cause significant pain and decreased range of motion at the knee. This may in any case require surgical evaluation and correction to restore function and eliminate pain. Because the knee is a abstruse region and the back of it has many important structures including veins, arteries, nerves, and muscle components, a hard knock to the knee can be extremely debilitating and should be avoided whenever possible. Protection of the knee with appropriate gear is critical when dangerous activities are being attempted.http//www.justanswer.com/medical/5lrvt-500-words- compose-study-following-discuss-possible.htmlhttp//emedicine.medscape.com/article/826792-clinicalPortfolio Task Module 6Write a proparly referenced essay on the encompassment and management of a patient with cor nsWhen we walk or stand or body weigh is carried first on the heel and then on the ball of the foot where the skin is thicker to withstand the force. When this pressure becomes intense, growth in the form of corns and callus may appear. Corns always occur over a bony prominence, such as a joint.A corn is a small areas of hard skin, roughly round in shape, which press into the skin. They are often found over high-pressure areas of the foot. in that location are five different types of corns. The two most common are hard and soft corns. severe corns the most common and appears as small, concentrated areas of hard skin up to the size of a small pea, usually within a wider area of thickened skin or callous, and can be symptoms of feet or toes not functioning properly.Soft corns develop in a similar way to hard corns. They are whitish and rubbery in texture, and appear between toes, where the skin is moist fromsweat or from inadequate run drying. A podiatrist will be able to reduce the bulk of the corns and apply antringents to cut down on sweatretentionbetween the toes.If a corn is left untreated it will become painful. A corn will not get better on its own unless the pressure that originally caused the corn is removed. If the cause is not removed then the skin will continue to thicken and become more painful.After some time the body may treat the corn as a foreign body and an ulceration or abscess could develop. These can be serious, especially if they become infected. Infection is a very serious complication for individuals with diabetes, poor circulation and peripheral neuropathy. There are many over the counter corn remedies and plasters that are quick available. These, however, do not treat the cause of the corn and can be risky in many individuals such as those with diabetes, poor circulation, frail skin etc.Podiatric management of corns at Podiatry includesa thorough assessment to determine the cause of the cornimplementation of a management / treatment planManagement plans for the treatment of corns commonly consist of maintenance appointments to keep the corn reduceduse of aggrandise to prevent the pressurefootwear fitting adviceprovision of foot orthotics or supports to relieve the pressure under the foot surgical correction of the bony prominence that may be causing the high pressure areaMost corns and calleures gradually disappear when the friction or preassure stops, although doctor (cheropodist) may shave the top of a calleus to reduce the thickners. Properly positionece moleskin pads can help relieve pressure on a corn. There are also special corn and callus removal liquids and plasters, usually containing saliaytic acid, but there are not suitable everyone. Oral antibiotics generally clear up infected corns, but pus may have to be drained through a small incision.Moisturising creams may help the skin and remove cracked callures. Apply the misturiing cream to the callus and cover the area for 30-60 minutes with aplastic notecase or a rock. Than gently rub off as much of the callus as you can with a worm towel or soft brush. Using the pumice stone first to rub off a dead skin from a callus after a bath or shower and talk applying moisturaising cream can also be effective.There are also stronger creams containing carbamide that might be more effective, but do not use these unless recommended by doctor or cheropodist.May consider surgery to remove a planter callus, but there are no guarantees that the callus will not come back. A conservative approach is best initially. Keep your feet dry and friction free. Wear proparly fitted shoes and cotton socks, rather then wool or synthetic fibres that might irritate the skin. If a podiatrist thinks your corn or callus i caused by abnormal foot structure your walking motion or hip rotation, orthopaedic shoe inserts or surgery to correct foot deformitie may help correct the problem. When complete reduction of the corn is achievied than 25% or 50% silver nitrate solution may be applied.Example of products that can be used to treat corns and callus includespecial rehydratation creams for thickened skinprotective corn plasterscustomosed soft padding or foam insolessmall foam wedges that are placed between the toes to help relieve soft cornsspecial silicone wedges that change the position of your toes or redistribute pressure.http//www.manchesterpodiatry.co.uk/chiropody/corns.htmlhttp//emedicine.medscape.com/article/1089807-treatment